The circulating circuit of the reactor is a system composed of fuel channels, steam/water and water lines, steam separators, main circulation pumps, strain, suction and distribution headers with related piping. The tools and pipelines are protected towards extreme pressure rise by a system of steam dumping amenities which dump excess steam into the turbine condensers or into the condensation swimming pools of the accident isolation system. The station incorporates provision for a number of safety of proccess equipment. The management and safety system is constructed of fail-protected and redundant gadgets utilizing built-in curcuits to receive and process indicators from varied sensors, in addition to to present the reactor standing info to the operator. To counter this, particular gadgets are put in on the traces to act as repeaters. Part 15 mandates that every one electronic devices bought within the United States must meet FCC radio-frequency emissions limits. By bundling radio-frequency (RF) vitality on the same line with an electric present, information might be transmitted with out the necessity for a separate information line. Hypalon Wire can be used as equipment wire, lead wire, transformer leads and motor lead wire. Once dropped on the medium-voltage strains, the data can solely journey thus far earlier than it degrades. The system drops the data off of traditional fiber-optic traces downstream, onto the far more manageable 7,200 volts of medium-voltage energy traces.

The first stage of the nuclear power project includes two items. The turbine room, waste gasoline purification and water conditioning rooms are frequent for all the models. The Ignalina nuclear energy plant, like all stations with RBMK reactors, has a direct cycle configuration - saturated steam formed within the reactor correct by passing the light water by way of the reactor core is fed to the turbine at a pressure of 6,5 MPa. The pumps are of a vertical, centrifugal, single-stage configuration. The condensate of the steam spent in the turbines is conditioned in the ion-exchangers, heated within the heat exchangers of the regenerative heating system, deaerated and on passing by means of strainers is fed back by the electric feedwater pumps over feed pipelines to the separators of the circulating circuit. Each loop incorporates two horizontal kind steam separators interconnected on the water and steam sides. Steam is conveyed from every separator to the turbines over two steam lines. The steam piping is so arranged that every steam separator is linked with two turbines. Each separator houses inside a feedwater header.

The separated water, in mixing with the conditioned, heated, and deaerated feedwater goes through the downcomers to the suction header and then is conveyed by way of suction pipes to the 4 primary circulating pumps one in all which is kept in the stand-by duty. Feedwater flows from the header into downcomers through perforated nozzles. 40-forty three water supply strains are branched off every distribution header. The coolant circulation distribution among the many gasoline channels as a perform of the core vitality launch is controlled by shutoff control valves following the indications of circulation meters mounted at the inlet of water supply line to every gas channel. The suction line of each essential circulating pump is provided with a stop gate, the delivery line (down the move) mounts a test valve, a throttle valve and a stop gate. The refuelling machine is provided with two systems of precise positioning over the gasoline channel-optical/tv and speak to. On high the graphite stack is spanned over by an higher steel construction resting on the annular water tank of the biological shield. The graphite stack is carried by a welded steel structure resting on a concrete basis.

The principle structural element of the reactor, a graphite stack with gasoline channels, absorber-rods and surrounding steel buildings, is housed in a concrete vault. The vertical graphite stack columns include gas channels and control rod channels. The split graphite rings in the channels present thermal contact with the graphite bricks of the stack. A welded shell enclosing the graphite stack, as properly because the upper and bottom steel buildings kind a sealed reactor house. To stop graphite oxidation and to enhance heat switch from graphite to gas channels, the reactor space is full of a helium-nitrogen mixture. The system supplies begin-up, automated upkeep of power at the set stage, allows control of energy distribution along the radius and heightwise of the core, compensates for fuel burn-up, provides protection of the reactor below emergency circumstances. The management and protection system is meant for dependable observe-up of the reactor efficiency and its secure operation. Malfunction of the method gear initiates operation of various sorts of protecting gear providing controlled reduction of the reactor energy at a fee of 2-4 per cent/s to the secure stage.